Chapter 1: The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease

• Section 1.1: Epidemiology and Trends

  • 1.1.1: Global Prevalence of Major CVDs
    • Ischemic heart disease
    • Stroke
    • Hypertension
    • Heart failure
  • 1.1.2: Incidence and Mortality Rates by Region
    • High-income countries
    • Low- and middle-income countries
  • 1.1.3: Future Projections of CVD
    • Impact of aging populations
    • Influence of lifestyle changes

• Section 1.2: Socioeconomic Impact

  • 1.2.1: Direct and Indirect Costs of CVD
    • Hospitalization and medication expenses
    • Lost wages and productivity
  • 1.2.2: Quality of Life and Disability
    • Impact on daily activities
    • Mental health and social burden

• Section 1.3: Disparities in Cardiovascular Health

  • 1.3.1: Racial and Ethnic Disparities
    • Disparities in diagnosis and treatment
    • Genetic and environmental factors
  • 1.3.2: Social Determinants of Health
    • Education, income, and access to care
    • Geographic location and neighborhood factors